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Overview / Relation / Abstract / Role / Principle / Action / Mechanism / Function / Work |
Bladder Cancer: Latest Research
Abstract / Summary / Overview of Apoptosis.
Why do cells undergo apoptosis?
The relationship between cancer cells and apoptosis.
Where are the weaknesses and symptoms of cancer cells?
Are cancer cells aggressive?
Extraordinary Solamargine (Role, Principle, Action, Mechanism, Function, Work)
Solamargine's major function mechanism:
Solamargine vs cancer
Best Chemotherapy Adjuvant. (1+1>478%)
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When cancer cells are less resistant to drugs, chemotherapy becomes more effective.
Extract : https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types
Bladder Cancer: Latest Research
ON THIS PAGE: You will read about the scientific research being done to learn more about bladder cancer and how to treat it. Use the menu to see other pages.
Doctors are working to learn more about bladder cancer, ways to prevent it, how to best treat it, and how to provide the best care to people diagnosed with this disease. The following areas of research may include new options for patients through clinical trials. Always talk with your doctor about the diagnostic and treatment options best for you.
Minimally invasive cystectomy. Several studies are exploring whether laparoscopic or robotic bladder removal is as safe and effective as standard surgery. Learn more about this type of surgery in the Types of Treatment section.
Expanding the use of bladder preservation. Researchers are actively looking at ways to help more people with bladder cancer keep their bladder, if possible, using treatments other than bladder removal.
Lymph node dissection. A study sponsored by the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) is looking at whether removing more lymph nodes than is standard practice, called extended lymph node dissection, can improve a patient’s prognosis and outcome.
Molecular tumor testing. Tests to identify changes to genes or proteins that could be a sign of bladder cancer may help predict a bladder cancer recurrence or predict which patients may need more intense treatment. DNA changes may also help predict prognosis for people with bladder cancer. Tumor genetics are becoming more and more important for the treatment of people with bladder cancer because test results may help doctors choose the best treatment options. Which new treatments are available depends on the genetic changes found in the tumor (see “Targeted therapy” below).
Studies have shown that certain inherited genetic traits can contribute to cancer development in some people. Therefore, it is very important to talk with your relatives about your broader family history of cancer and discuss with your doctors whether genetic counseling is recommended. This can help you and your family make decisions about treatment and cancer prevention.
Targeted therapy. Targeted therapy is a treatment that targets the cancer’s specific genes, proteins, or the tissue environment that contributes to cancer growth and survival. This type of treatment blocks the growth and spread of cancer cells while limiting damage to healthy cells. Research is underway to find out how targeted therapy may be used to treat this cancer, and currently 3 drugs of this type are approved to treat metastatic urothelial cancer, as described in Types of Treatment. Additionally, clinical trials are looking at combining targeted therapy with other treatments. Learn more about the basics of targeted therapy.
Immunotherapy. Immunotherapy, also called biologic therapy, is designed to boost the body's natural defenses to fight the cancer. It uses materials made either by the body or in a laboratory to improve, target, or restore immune system function. An active area of immunotherapy research is looking at drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat advanced cancer. These drugs block proteins called PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. These proteins are found on the surface of T cells, which are a type of white blood cell that directly helps the body’s immune system fight disease. Because PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 keep the immune system from destroying cancer cells, stopping them from working allows the immune system to better eliminate the disease. Several drugs that block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to treat bladder cancer (see Types of Treatment). Other research is underway in this area. Learn more about the basics of immunotherapy.
New drug combinations. Researchers are studying new combinations of chemotherapies and other medications to see if they are safe and more effective than other treatments.
Palliative care/supportive care. Clinical trials are underway to find a better way of reducing symptoms and side effects of current treatments to improve comfort and quality of life for patients.
Abstract / Summary / Overview of Apoptosis.
Overview of apoptosis
•Programmed cell death
•Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death, or “cellular suicide.”
•Apoptosis is different from necrosis, in which cells die due to injury.
•Apoptosis removes cells during development, eliminates potentially cancerous and virus-infected cells, and maintains balance in the body.
Why do cells undergo apoptosis?
- Basically, apoptosis is a general and convenient way to remove cells that should no longer be part of the organism.
- Some cells are abnormal and could hurt the rest of the organism if they survive, such as cells with viral infections or DNA damage.
- Apoptosis is part of development
- In many organisms, programmed cell death is a normal part of development.
The relationship between cancer cells and apoptosis
Apoptosis can eliminate infected or cancerous cells.
When a cell’s DNA is damaged, it will typically detect the damage and try to repair it.
If the damage is beyond repair, the cell will normally send itself into apoptosis, ensuring that it will not pass on its damaged DNA.
When cells have DNA damage but fail to undergo apoptosis, they may be on the road to cancer.
However, “successful” cancer cells successfully evade the process of apoptosis.
This allows them to divide out of control and accumulate mutations (changes in their DNA).
Apoptosis is key to immune function
Apoptosis also plays an essential role in the development and maintenance of a healthy immune system.
Where are the weaknesses and symptoms of cancer cells?
The symptoms of cancer cells are in the nucleus.
The nucleus controls the outer cytoplasm, cell composition, cell viability, etc.
DNA mutations also mutate in the nucleus.
Therefore, to treat cancer cells, we must first enter the nucleus.
Let the “regulatory cell gene” mechanism enter the nucleus to regulate
Are cancer cells aggressive?
After the action of Solamargine, the aggressiveness of cancer cells is alleviated.
So after using Solamargine, many patients feel that I am half better.
Although the tumor does not disappear quickly, patients feel that the degree of aggressiveness is reduced.
Extraordinary Solamargine (Role, Principle, Action, Mechanism, Function, Work).
Solamargine's major function mechanism:
When Solamargine enter,
Solamargine activates receptors that are turned off by cancer cells, allowing cancer cells to modulate again.
Solamargine modulates the anti-modulates genes of cancer cells, making cancer cells less resistant.
Reduced drug resistance
When cancer cells are less resistant to drugs, chemotherapy becomes more effective.
Solamargine modulates the mutated genes in cancer cells and then initiates cancer cell apoptosis to achieve anti-cancer effects.
Solamargine combined with which chemotherapy drugs are more effective in treating cancer cells?
Solamargine vs cancer
Solamargine vs cancer
The picture shows the death of cancer cells.
The black and black parts are cancer cell nuclei.
Even if the nucleus ruptures, the cancer cells will die.
The figure shows that cancer cells can cause death.
The figure shows that cancer cells can cause death.
The figure shows that the death of lung cancer cells is relatively slow, and it will not be obvious until eight hours later.
The figure shows that the death of liver cancer cells is very obvious, even more obvious in eight hours.
The graph shows that breast cancer cells die faster. It was obvious from the beginning that breast cancer is easy to treat, and patients with breast cancer need not worry.
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ANTI-CANCER
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A comparison study showing Solamargine vs. other therapeutic drugs with respect to lung cancer cells.
A comparison study showing Solamargine vs. other chemotherapeutic drugs with respect to breast cancer cells.
SR-T100 combination therapy with effective result against breast cancer cells.
Combination Therapy | Research results for lung cancer cells.
A. Chemotherapy (100μM), 16% of cancer cell apoptosis.
B. Alone SM (4.8μM), 28% of cancer cell apoptosis.
C. SM (4.80μM) + Chemotherapy (40μM), 66% of cancer cells apoptosis.
D. SM (4.80μM) + Chemotherapy (100μM), 78% of cancer cell apoptosis.
SM has a clearing effect better than Chemotherapy.
The combined treatment of Solamargine and Chemotherapy significantly increased the apoptosis of lung cancer cells.
SM (4.8μM) + Chemotherapy (40μM), increased from 16% to 66% (up to 4.125 times).
SM (4.8μM) + Chemotherapy (100μM), increased from 16% to 78% (up to 4.875 times).
Reorganized from: BBRC. Action of Solamargine on TNFs and drug-resistant human lung cancer cells 2004.
The best solution for cancer cells.